The three primary macronutrients found in soil are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), collectively known as NPK. These nutrients, along with secondary macronutrients like calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), as well as various micronutrients, are vital for plant health and crop productivity13.
The availability and balance of these nutrients in soil significantly impact crop yields and quality. Proper management of soil nutrients is crucial for sustainable agriculture, as over-exploitation through harvesting without adequate replenishment can lead to soil degradation and decreased productivity8. Factors such as soil type, pH, organic matter content, and environmental conditions influence nutrient availability and uptake by plants.
Understanding soil nutrition is essential for farmers and agricultural professionals to optimize crop production, maintain soil health, and ensure food security. This knowledge allows for more efficient use of fertilizers, improved crop yields, and the development of sustainable agricultural practices that protect and enhance soil resources for future generations
Standard soil test typically measures the following nutrients and soil characteristics:
Macronutrients
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Micronutrients
Iron (Fe)
Manganese (Mn)
Zinc (Zn)
Copper (Cu)
Boron (B)
Chlorine (Cl)
Nickel (Ni)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Other Soil Properties
The exact number of nutrients tested can vary depending on the lab and the type of soil test requested, but it generally includes 6 macronutrients, 8 micronutrients, and additional soil characteristics, totaling around 15-20 parameters in a comprehensive test23.
